Questions tagged [syntax]
The syntax tag has no usage guidance.
163
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Latin version of “non ho che un” or “je n'ai qu'un”
At least Italian and French have an idiomatic way to say "I have only one friend":
Non ho che un amico.
Je n'ai qu'un ami.
Finnish has the same thing: "Minulla ei ole kuin yksi ystävä....
2
votes
1answer
58 views
participium coniunctum vs. ablative absolute of transitive deponent verbs
I was wondering why the "active meaning" and the transitivity of deponent perfect participles like cohortatus in (1) are not (?) preserved in the Ablative Absolute in (2). Why is it the case ...
1
vote
1answer
118 views
Can *esse* be elided with a dative of possession?
The possessive dative construction involves a subject possessee, a dative possessor, and a form of esse:
Mihi soror est.
Dicit sibi sororem esse.
In this construction, is esse ever elided? That is, ...
5
votes
0answers
36 views
Female Names and Heritable *Cognomina*
Suppose I want to speak of the daughter of a man with a heritable cognonmen. Let us take Marcus Tullius Cicero as an example. If I want to clarify that the Tullia I am speaking of is his daughter (...
3
votes
1answer
155 views
Impersonal Verbs: Are Active Transitives Possible?
Latin utilizes some verbs that pretty much only occur impersonally, like oportet. One can also regularly form impersonal actives from intransitive verbs like placeo and impersonal passives from ...
3
votes
1answer
160 views
Agreement and possessive genitive
What we do in the following example?
I need to combine two words in a phrase: 'professional' and 'holiday'.
There is no adjective 'professional' in Latin or my searching is bad. So I can use the ...
7
votes
2answers
1k views
“Tu quoque, Brutus, mi fili?” Grammar question
Someone told me these were Caesar's actual last words. Google confirms this. But I can't find an explanation for what looks to me like weird grammar.
First of all, shouldn't "Brutus" be &...
6
votes
2answers
115 views
Confusing syntax in two sentences
I seem to be confused by the constructions of these two sentences from a Medieval Latin text:
Unde vocum alia suavis est illa, scilicet quae subtilis, spissa, clara et acuta est.
and
Multiplicem ...
7
votes
2answers
179 views
Subjunctive with adverb “quam”
Passage: “Quam autem civitati carus fuerit, maerore funeris indicatum est.” Cic. Amic. 11
My translation in English: «Moreover, how dear he was to the citizenry was indicated by the grief of his ...
7
votes
2answers
263 views
Can a predicate nominative ever be a different gender from the subject?
I want to say "My favorite animal is..." and then give the animal. But "animal" is neuter, so I'll end up with a predicate nominative that doesn't agree in gender with the subject! "Meum dilectum ...
3
votes
2answers
78 views
Active verb with future passive and perfect participle?
How does the active verb "veniunt" work with the word "consideranda"? Almost like a periphrastic? As I have translated below:
"Ac initio quidem duo principalia decreta ante omnia consideranda ...
11
votes
1answer
173 views
Scope of negation with absolute constructions
In Latin and Greek, when a negator appears in an absolute construction (ablative absolute, genitive absolute), it is generally taken to negate the predicate within that construction:
hostibus ...
10
votes
2answers
206 views
Is it “bene videtur” or “bonum videtur”? Adjective or adverb with verbs/copulae meaning “seem”
With verbs like "seem, appear", one sometimes uses an adverb to express how something appears ("she looked well"), at other times an adjective ("he seemed angry"). How did the Romans do it, ...
8
votes
0answers
94 views
On different expressions of partitivity in Latin
I was wondering whether there is any difference between the following partitive expressions in Latin: ūnus tribūnōrum and ūnus ex tribūnīs 'one of the tribunes' (cf. the so-called 'partitive genitive' ...
1
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0answers
61 views
Is an Ablative Absolute construction like “portā clausā” ambiguous in Early Latin?
As a follow-up question of two previous posts (cf. here and here), I was wondering if an Ablative Absolute construction like portā clausā is ambiguous in Early Latin as it is in Classical Latin. For ...
6
votes
1answer
96 views
Analysis of Dative in >>Confessions<<
In Caput VI Liber II Augustine wrote:"Quamvis mihi nondum fideli......" (Although I was not a Christian...)
Here he used the dative case (mihi fideli). What's the dative case for? Why is it dative?
...
4
votes
1answer
46 views
Confessiones, sentence analysis
This is a sentence in Caput V, Liber II of Confessiones of Augustine:
Cum interea non satageret idem pater qualis crescerem tibi.
Here what's the case of qualis? According to the declension table it ...
2
votes
0answers
100 views
Are there “dominant relative clauses”?
As is well-known, the predicate of an AUC construction can be a participle (this is the typical case: e.g., Ab Urbe Condita, whose acronym "AUC" is often used to refer to this very peculiar (...
3
votes
0answers
64 views
The longest Ablative Absolute construction attested in the Latin literature?
I was curious about the longest Ablative Absolute (AA) construction attested in the Latin literature. For example, the following one from Plautus has seven AAs juxtaposed (used by him to create a ...
5
votes
1answer
181 views
How to say: “X differs from Y by(in) Z”
I want to say something of this sort:
The word "res" differs from the word "rex" by one letter.
In "Lexicon totius Latinitatis" I saw under the term "dama":
"[Dama] differt a capreis solis ...
4
votes
2answers
150 views
Using Participles in Latin Tenses
In English, we can communicate progressiveness of an action by combining a form of "to be" with a participle. For instance, "I am acting" is progressive, whereas "I act" is not.
I am wondering about ...
3
votes
2answers
136 views
Infinitival impersonal passives
The impersonal passive is a familiar construction:
Pugnatur. "There is fighting / people are fighting / etc."
Pugnatum est. "There was fighting / etc."
Here a finite passive verb is being used ...
2
votes
2answers
293 views
“Contra felicem vix deus vires habet” - Need advice on replacing the word “Felicem”
For context, this is for a tattoo I'd like to get but I want to make sure it's syntactically correct as best as possible.
I think the phrase is a great one, however I would very much prefer it to be ...
5
votes
1answer
172 views
Can a “dative of agent” appear in an Ablative Absolute construction?
I was wondering to what extent the syntactic distribution of so-called “dative of agent” and that of “ablative of agent” is different. For example, besides appearing in verbal contexts (e.g., Proelium ...
0
votes
1answer
86 views
Asking a teacher for more (hopefully extra credit) homework
Salvete, Sodales!
I'm a student in his second year of Latin study, but my class has been slow in reading our texts and I've been bored from the beginning. I want to ask my teacher to give me more ...
4
votes
1answer
173 views
In this passage, why verbo instead of verbum?
There's a phrase from the Gospel that's used in the liturgy -- "sed tantum dic verbo" [et sanabitur anima mea], "but only say the word" [and my soul shall be healed]. Why verbo (dative or ablative) ...
6
votes
1answer
288 views
Can Gerundives be predicates of Ablative Absolutes?
I was wondering if Gerundives, the verbal adjectives referred to as "future passive participles" by Latin grammarians, can appear as predicates of Ablative Absolute constructions.
As is well-known, ...
2
votes
1answer
138 views
Gerundial arguments selected by verbs taking Genitive: e.g., “Memento moriendi”? “Me paenitet vivendi”?
As a follow-up of two previous questions on Latin grammar, I was wondering if examples like Memento moriendi (cf. Memento mori) and Me paenitet vivendi (cf. Me paenitet vivere) are also attested.
...
3
votes
2answers
54 views
Indirect questions and the passive subjunctive
How would you translate: "He asked if the the city had been captured?"
Quaerit num civitatem captum esse?
Here I am using an accusative (captum) plus infinitive (esse).
Am I right?
Thank you!
7
votes
2answers
81 views
Shuffling Latin sentences
So, I have heard an interesting claim about Latin, and I wonder how true it is. The claim is, given that Latin has declensions, you can shuffle words around and keep the sentence's meaning.
Is that ...
5
votes
1answer
74 views
How do I name the individual parts of the lumbricals muscle of the foot in latin?
As we can see, Wikipedia lists the lumbricals muscle and tells us that the muscle contains four parts.
I need to name all four individual parts of the muscle and their respective side in the body. I ...
8
votes
2answers
590 views
Where is the correct position to set right or left of muscle names for anatomical names?
Muscles and bones have Latin names as can be found on wikipedia.
I need to name muscles and bones with their Latin name and I also need to specify if it's the left or the right muscle in the human ...
4
votes
0answers
62 views
Any material on so-called “inverse analysis” and “minimal pairs” to practice Latin grammar?
I was wondering if anyone could provide me with references on any online material (pdf, links, etc.) of Latin Grammar which can contain exercises based on so-called "inverse analysis" and "minimal ...
4
votes
1answer
140 views
What is the grammatical “logic” of ablative case in «Tuā et meā māximē interest tē ualēre» (Cic. Fam. 16.4)?
Assuming that ablative case is always a semantic case (see the typical lists of its associated meanings in Latin grammars), I was wondering if Latin speakers could still assign a synchronic more or ...
2
votes
1answer
115 views
What is the grammatical “logic” of impersonal constructions like “Me non solum piget stultitiae meae sed etiam pudet” (Cic. De Dom. 29)?
What is the grammatical "logic" of the impersonal construction with psychological verbs like pudet, piget, paenitet, taedet, miseret? (here is a short descriptive characterization of so-...
5
votes
2answers
268 views
Null expletive objects in Latin? “Cariotae cum ficis certandum habent” (Plin. Ep. 1,8)
How is the gerundive construction to be analyzed in the following example?
Cariotae cum ficis certandum habent. (Plin. Ep. 1,8)
'Dates have to fight with figs'.
Could you please provide me ...
7
votes
3answers
264 views
Is this a question or an affirmation?
Reading the Digest (6th century, copy of 9th century), I find this sentence:
Sed si plures servum percusserint, utrum omnes quasi occiderint teneantur videamus.
One author who established the text ...
5
votes
2answers
756 views
The Purpose of “Natu”
Following on from the question "Using Genitive & Infinitive To Describe Characteristics"; Joonas (26/6/19): "adulescentis est maiores natu revereri." = "It is of a young person to respect his/ her ...
5
votes
2answers
567 views
Sentences with no verb, but an ablative
Sometimes I will run across sentences that have no verb, but there is an ablative and I am not sure about the right approach to assuming a verb. For example, in this 16th century sentence:
Erat ...
4
votes
0answers
50 views
Greek: indirect discourse / sequence of moods after κελεύω etc.?
I'm wondering about the proper Greek translation of a sentence like:
He ordered me to do whatever I wanted.
This sentence has an indefinite relative clause (whatever I wanted) after a verb of ...
5
votes
2answers
235 views
What is the term for extremely loose Latin word order?
For a Latin-language artificial intelligence called Mensa Latina the user manual will need to discuss and therefore refer to the phenomenon in Latin prose where meaning comes from grammar and ...
10
votes
1answer
157 views
Omission of a repeated verb in second part of a μέν … δέ
This question is about the Greek equivalent of sentences like
I do not fear the Greeks, but I do fear the Romans.
Socrates didn't write dialogues, but Plato did.
These sentences use or imply the ...
5
votes
3answers
292 views
On the absence of impersonal passives of deponent verbs
In a previous post there's a discussion on an intriguing example of a passive construction of a transitive (allegedly) deponent verb: Ab amīcīs hortārētur (Did Latin have any ergative verbs? ). The ...
3
votes
1answer
87 views
Syntax of Ille: “numquam est ille miser cui facile est mori”
What is the syntax of ille in the sentence: "numquam est ille miser cui facile est mori"? I get that cui is indirect object, but what is the function of the demonstrative pronoun ille in the sentence?
4
votes
2answers
81 views
Why the placement of the verse break between John 7:21-22?
I've been slowly working my way through the Gospel of John translating from the Greek. Coming to John 7:21-22, I am a bit stumped as to why editors have placed sentence and verse breaks where they ...
6
votes
2answers
150 views
When are -ns words used with accusative direct objects?
In English, one common generalization is that "-ing" words only take direct objects when they are verb forms, not when they are true adjectives or true nouns. (There are only a few possible exceptions,...
3
votes
2answers
67 views
On the use (or not) of genitive in some verses of the Vulgata
I'm a bit puzzled with some verses of the Vulgata, regarding the use or not of genitive. Consider 3 Regnum (1 Kings in non LXX-based bibles). Verses 13-15 in Chapter 10 go as follows:
[13] Rex ...
4
votes
1answer
135 views
How do postpositions fit into Latin syntax?
In a comment on this answer, luchonacho comments that tenus is a preposition taking the genitive; this seemed odd to me, since I'd never considered tenus anything akin to a preposition.
Tenus seems ...
2
votes
1answer
298 views
Subject-verb agreement when the subject is a dominant participle construction
My question is whether constructions similar to the following English one, which is drawn from Jespersen (1909-1949, vol. V: 138), can exist in Latin, i.e., constructions where (i) the subject is ...
8
votes
1answer
196 views
How complex a motion event can be in Classical Latin
How natural would you judge the translation of the following English sentence into Latin?
He still wandered on, out of the little high valley, over its edge, and down the slopes beyond.
'Ulterius ...
