Questions tagged [gerundive]
For questions about gerundives (not to be confused with gerunds).
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Can we substantivate gerundives?
Many participles in Latin are "substantivated": that is, they effectively become nouns - using the neutral gender either by plural of singular like secretum or apertum. Do we have examples ...
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Leibniz's gerundive?
In a 1676 comment, Leibniz writes: ""Aliter demonstrandum quod neque majus quia non potest inveniri pars ejus finita aequalis." I have a two-fold question: (1) is demonstrandum gerund ...
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Dissecting Quod erat demonstrandum
The question Translation: that which was to have been made deals with grammatical aspects of the expression quod erat demonstrandum, but I am interested in a detailed break-down of the meaning ...
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On the alleged passive meaning of so-called (miscalled?) "passive periphrastic"
As is well-known, the use of "datives of agent" in so-called "passive periphrastic" constructions (formed by the gerundive/verbal adjective with -nd- and the verb esse) like the ...
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What's this gerundive doing here?
Metamorphoses Book V, the story of Proserpina. At this point Proserpina's mother Ceres is still looking for her daughter.
Sicaniam repetit, dumque omnia lustrat eundo,venit et ad Cyanen. ...
"...
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Analysis of sentence "hunc Dātamēs vīnctum ad rēgem dūcendum trādit Mithridātī"
I am confused by the grammar (or rather wikipedia's analysis) of the sentence
Hunc Dātamēs vīnctum ad rēgem dūcendum trādit Mithridātī. (Nepos)
It appears in a wikipedia article where its ...
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How to analyze and translate "non se luxu neque inertiae corrumpendum dedit" (Sal. Jug. 6)?
By taking a look at various translations of the sentence in bold below, which is excerpted from a famous portrait of Jugurtha by Sallust, one could infer that the datives luxu (cf. luxui) and inertiae ...
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Why is the infinitive used instead of a genitive gerund (e.g. "consilium ceperunt ex oppido profugere")?
I was wondering about the grammatical reason(s) whereby a(n expected) genitive gerund/gerundive is sometimes replaced by an infinitive. Here are some representative examples of this phenomenon:
...
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The verb 'utor' in gerundive constructions
I was wondering about the logic of the usage of the verb utor in gerundive constructions. The following relevant quote is from Woodcock's (1959: 164) A New Latin Syntax: "one can say ad hanc rem ...
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"gerund + genitive" vs "gerund+accusative" ("scribendo epistulas" vs "scribendo epistularum")
So far I was thinking the way of saying "He spends time in writing letters" (example from A&G) might be terit tempus scribendo epistulas or terit tempus scribendis epistulis.
But can ...
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What type of purpose clause for specifying a substantive gerundive
When using a substantive gerundive, what form would a specifying purpose clause take? For instance: "things to be used for fighting," I would use a gerundive (utenda) and then what? A dative ...
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On the alleged ambiguity of the Ablative Absolute "Mutatis mutandis"
According to the wikipedia entry of Mutatis mutandis, "Mutatis mutandis is a Medieval Latin phrase meaning 'with things changed that should be changed' or 'having changed what needs to be changed'...
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Sentence with gerund or gerundive and infinitive
I'm trying to translate the following:
[...] quem autem valorem aliter nisi appropinquando cognoscere non datur.
Which comes from Euler (De Serie Lambertina/e). But I'm having trouble sorting out ...
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ad obsidionem urbis vs. ad obsidendam urbem
I was wondering to what extent the two Prepositional Phrases (PPs) in the title of the present question can be taken as functionally equivalent. Consider the following text about Caesar's siege of ...
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Ethics of Spinoza: producendam
Spinoza, Ethics, De Deo, Propositio 33, Scholium 1:
res aliqua impossibilis dicitur; nimirum quia vel ipsius essentia seu definitio contradictionem involvit vel quia nulla causa externa datur ad ...
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Active verb with future passive and perfect participle?
How does the active verb "veniunt" work with the word "consideranda"? Almost like a periphrastic? As I have translated below:
"Ac initio quidem duo principalia decreta ante omnia consideranda ...
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Can a "dative of agent" appear in an Ablative Absolute construction (and, more generally, in a non-verbal context)?
I was wondering to what extent the syntactic distribution of so-called “datives of agent” and that of “ablatives of agent” is different. For example, besides appearing in verbal contexts (e.g., ...
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Is it possible to use a prepositional phrase with a gerundive/gerund?
can we use prepositional phrases (like "de domo") linked to a gerund or
a gerundive, can it act as an object?
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Can Gerundives be predicates of Ablative Absolutes?
I was wondering if Gerundives, the verbal adjectives referred to as "future passive participles" by Latin grammarians, can appear as predicates of Ablative Absolute constructions.
As is well-known, ...
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Null expletive objects in Latin? "Cariotae cum ficis certandum habent" (Plin. Ep. 1,8)
How is the gerundive construction to be analyzed in the following example?
Cariotae cum ficis certandum habent. (Plin. Ep. 1,8)
'Dates have to fight with figs'.
Could you please provide me ...
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Translation: that which was to have been made
I still remember quod erat demonstrandum, but ...that which was to have been made (actually generated)?
How would I best say that? I am thinking quod erat factum, but am unsure.
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Nunc est bibendum: gerund or gerundive?
When providing answers to some apparently basic questions (e.g., cf. Tom Cotton's and mine in Mihi legendum/legenda est? & Why use nominative in Coniugatio periphrastica passiva? , respectively), ...
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Mihi legendum/legenda est?
I've another question about Coniugatio periphrastica passiva. If I'm a girl and I wanted to say I need to read, would it be:
Mihi legendum est.
Or
Mihi legenda est.
So, does the gerundivum ...
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What is the difference in meaning/usage between "nasciturus" and "nascendus"?
Both nasciturus and nascendus seem to exist. Words ending in -turus are often described as future active participles, and words ending in -ndus as future passive participles (they are also called ...
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Can 'non' with gerundive mean both lack of obligation and negative obligation?
If a gerundive is used with non, can it mean both lack of obligation and negative obligation?
For example, can non loquendum est mean both "it is not necessary to speak" and "it is necessary not to ...
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How do I say "this must not happen"?
I'm used to translating English auxiliary "must" with a Latin gerundive: hic necandus est "this man must be killed".
But what if I want to say "this man must not be killed"? I would read non necandus ...
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How many types of so-called “predicative Gerundives” can be differentiated in Latin?
In many textbooks of Latin grammar it is often noted that Gerundives can be used predicatively in agreement with the direct object of transitive verbs such as do, trado, mitto, peto, curo, relinquo, ...
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Gerundive Confusion
North & Hillard Ex. 196: the following is to be translated into Latin: "He (Hannibal) had almost reached the top of the Alps, when some old men came to him in the guise of envoys. The misfortunes ...
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Verbal Adjective of Necessity vs. Possibility
Greek distinguishes between verbal adjectives ending in -τέος and verbal adjectives ending in -τός. The latter (according to Smyth) express either possibility or the perfect passive participle (e.g. '...
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Is there a gerundive of "faciō"?
Faciō, "to make" or "to do", is a common Latin verb. It's famous for being suppletive: it's missing most of its passive forms, and instead uses the active forms of the separate verb fiō "to become". (...
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Translation help, especially with "cum bello cupiendo"
I found the following translation exercise online:
To say nothing of Philip, whom he rendered an enemy to the Romans,
though at a distance from him, Antiochus was the most powerful of all
kings ...
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Is 'praestandis' in this sentence a gerund (gerundium) or a gerundive (gerundivum)?
Optimis facinoribus variis in conspectu omnium praestandis rex apud populum famam pietatis ac sapientiae possedit.
Is praestandis a gerund or gerundive or both?
And does it matter for the translation?...
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Passive periphrastic with two datives
I want to translate the following as a passive periphrastic:
You must give your money to me!
My attempt so far is:
pecunia tua tibi danda est mihi
Because Latin rarely acknowledges word order, ...
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When is there a U instead of an E in gerund(ive)?
Tuomo Pekkanen's Latin grammar mentions (§52.3) that the -e- added to the present stem before -nd- in the gerund and gerundive (in the third and fourth conjugations) can be replaced with a -u-.
For ...
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When and how did the distinction between the gerund and the gerundive develop?
The gerund and the gerundive look similar and have similar meanings, but they are still distinct as any Latin grammar will tell us.
But how did classical Latin come to have these two close but ...
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Passives Without Accusatives
(Split off from my previous question about gerundives of deponent verbs.)
For a transitive verb, it's fairly simple to convert a sentence from active to passive:
X-nom VERB-active Y-acc = Y-nom ...
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How do I use gerundives of obligation for deponent verbs?
(Inspired by the comments on this answer.)
The gerundive of obligation is a wonderful little idiom in Latin, as in Cato's famous mantra
Carthāgō dēlenda est "Carthage must be destroyed"
In this ...
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How to understand 'quae prosum sola nocendo'?
There is a line in Ovid's Metamorphoses II 519, which I don't understand at all
(Juno's complaint)
'quaeritis, aetheriis quare regina deorum
sedibus huc adsim? pro me tenet altera caelum!
...
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Can the gerundive be used like an adjective?
Can I use a gerundive like I would use an adjective as in the following example?
It sounds fine to me, but I am somewhat suspicious; my intuition has failed before.
Infans lavandus clamabat.
The ...
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Is "lingua Latina studenda pergit" grammatical?
I want to say "people continue to study Latin", and I came up with lingua Latina studenda pergit.
Is such a combination gerundive and pergere grammatical?
It must be understandable, but I do not ...
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When can the gerund take an object?
Typically the gerundive is employed when one using a gerund with an object seems possible.
For example, I have understood that aqua bibenda est and rei faciendae causa are preferable to aquam bibendum ...
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