1

In Greek, verbs are classified as "consonant-stem" or "vowel-stem". Vowel-stem verbs, aptly, have a vowel at the end of their stem. And in the Attic dialect, if this vowel is a short alpha, epsilon, or omicron, it contracts into the endings and makes a very distinctive conjugation pattern.

If the vowel is long, I would assume no contraction happens. But what about verbs ending in short iota or hypsilon? It seems likely that such stems exist, because Latin has quite a lot of i-stem verbs (the third conjugation -iō with short i, and the fourth conjugation with long ī).

1 Answer 1

3

There are certainly verbs whose stems end (or used to end) in -i- and -u-, but what would contraction with a following stem vowel mean? "Contraction" here should be expected to result in a rising diphthong: -ye/o- or -we/o-. but these would be transformed according to well-known phonological principles within Greek:

For /u/, consider on one hand the form κάω, from *καύω (root καυ‐), where a former /w/ simply disappears, and on the other, δεικνύω, where the complex consonant cluster prevents a transformation /knu/ to /knw/, and hence no "contraction".

Examples of stems ending in -i- are numerous in the present tense system, but the result of the contraction is disguised by subsequent transformations, e.g., *βαλιω ‐› *βαλjω ‐› βάλλω.

The only time I would expect true contraction is in a (hypothetical) sequence like ιι -> ι, but this is not found as a normal part of the conjugational pattern.

2
  • Excellent! Out of curiosity, what happens to rising diphthongs in general?
    – Draconis
    May 17, 2018 at 18:50
  • 1
    The pattern is generally the same; for sequences of /wV/ pattern, the /w/ disappears; note /kalwos/ *καλϝός ‐› καλός, with /w/ dropped completely in Attic, but with the previous α lengthened in compensation in the Epic dialect. For sequences of the /yV/ pattern, the /y/ generally makes some sort of union with the previous consonant, e.g., /alyos/ *ἀλιος/ἀλjος ‐› ἀλλός (cf. Latin alius).
    – varro
    May 17, 2018 at 21:35

Your Answer

By clicking “Post Your Answer”, you agree to our terms of service and acknowledge that you have read and understand our privacy policy and code of conduct.

Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged or ask your own question.