Have these Greek letters been related to these Latin/English letters?

Question

Was each following Latin/English letter originated from, cognate with, or related to the Greek letter given after the Latin/English letter?

1. Latin f and Greek phi

2. Latin h or e, and Greek eta

3. Latin j and Greek iota

4. Latin o, and Greek omega or omicron

5. Latin/English u, v, w, and y, and Greek upsilon

6. Latin z and Greek zeta

7. Latin x and Greek xi

8. Latin q and Greek chi

9. What Latin/English letters have the last four Greek letters phi, chi, psi, and omega been related to?

10. What Greek letters have been related to Latin/English letters w and q?

Answer 1

F and Φ: No. F descends from Greek digamma, a letter that originally represented /w/, which died out in the Greek alphabet shortly after /w/ did. You can still see relics of it in the number system.

H and Η: Yes. Eta comes from a Phoenician letter for an /h/-like sound (probably /ħ/), and was generally used for /h/ in earlier Greek alphabets, including the one eventually borrowed by the Etruscans. But then /h/ died out in Ionian, so the Ionians repurposed the letter for a vowel, and that's the form of the alphabet that eventually became dominant.

J and Ι: Yes. I is related to iota and J was created by modifying I.

O and Ο and Ω: Yes. O is related to omicron, and omega was created by modifying omicron.

U/V/W and Υ: Yes. V and Υ (upsilon) are cognate. U and W were created by modifying V.

Y and Υ: Yes. Upsilon was borrowed back into the Latin alphabet to represent the /y/ sound in Greek words. That's why it got stuck at the end.

Z and Ζ: Exactly as above.

X and Ξ: No. X is cognate with chi.

Q and Χ: No. Q is cognate with the archaic letter qoppa, which like digamma only appears as a relic in the number system by now.

Χ was used for a /ks/ sound in some dialects, which is where Latin X comes from. Ψ was used in those dialects for the sound of standard Greek chi, which wasn't needed for Latin. Φ Ω were later creations that weren't used in the version of the alphabet that was borrowed by the Etruscans.

W was also a later creation, but it was created by modifying V, which is cognate with upsilon. Q is cognate with qoppa.