The first example that comes to my mind is the beginning of the Second Catilinarian:
Tandem aliquando, Quirites, L. Catilinam furentem audacia, scelus anhelantem, pestem patriae nefarie molientem, vobis atque huic urbi ferrum flammamque minitantem, ex urbe vel eiecimus, vel emisimus, vel ipsum egredientem verbis prosecuti sumus. Abiit, excessit, evasit, erupit.
C. D. Yonge's translation:
At length, O Romans, we have dismissed from the city, or driven out, or, when he was departing of his own accord, we have pursued with words, Lucius Catiline, mad with audacity, breathing wickedness, impiously planning mischief to his country, threatening fire and sword to you and to this city. He is gone, he has departed, he has disappeared, he has rushed out.
Cicero packs a lot of rhetorical devices and effects into these two sentences:
- chiasmus: furentem audacia, scelus anhelantem
- coordinated lists whose members increase in length: furentem audacia, scelus anhelantem, pestem patriae nefarie molientem, vobis atque huic urbi ferrum flammamque minitantem; vel eiecimus, vel emisimus, vel ipsum egredientem verbis prosecuti sumus
- a vivid metaphor in scelus anhelantem: Catiline is so evil he actually breathes crime
- alliteration: pestem patriae, ferrum flammamque
- assonant pairs of verbs that differ only by one syllable: eiecimus / emisimus, evasit / erupit
Finally, perhaps the most striking feature of this passage is the contrast between the syntactically complex, periodic first sentence and the extremely simple and punchy second sentence, which consists of just four verbs in a row. Cicero pretty much defines the Latin periodic style, but he was also a master of variety and could intersperse complex and simple structures to great effect.