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I see on Wiktionary that ἄελλα is related to ἄημι, which comes from the PIE root *h₂weh₁-, meaning "to blow". This explains ἄε, but not the rest.

Prompted by the weird Alcaeus word αυεουλλαι glossed by Hesychius as ἄελλαι παρὰ ἄκλω (Ἀλκαίῳ?), I looked further, and found the root *welH-, meaning "to turn, to wind" (as in "winding road").

ἄελλα is supposed to mean "whirlwind", which is something that blows (*h₂weh₁-) and turns (*welH-), so it sounds sensible that PIE could have stuck the two above roots together into *h₂weh₁-welH-, "blowy-turn" = "whirlwind".

Evolving it into Greek, that would seem to produce *αϝεϝελλ-, which as a first-declension noun would give *ἀϝέϝελλα. If such a word existed, corruption of its plural into αυεουλλαι doesn't seem too implausible.

Imagine then that one ϝε had just dropped off, for whatever reason, and the stress had shifted back. That would explain ἄελλα.

So:

Question 1: Is the above etymology plausible? Otherwise, where do the two lambdas come from?

While on the subject, here is what happens to the Hesychius gloss:

  • "vulgo", as LP puts it, correct to αὔελλαι, which seems like it's basically ἄϝελλαι with the digamma vocalized.
  • Edmonds corrects it into αὔϝολλαι, citing other examples of υϝ which I discuss here at the item for the gloss (3.xxv).
  • LP states "vulgo" is acting contra litteratum ordinem, and should have gone for ἄυελλαι, ubi υ pro ϝ accipi poterat, and, while that edition doesn't produce an amendment outside the app. crit., Campbell takes up the ἄϝελλαι amendment for his own.
  • Voigt omits this gloss, refusing to deal with it.

Question 2: Can someone help me figure out what logic Edmonds is following in his suggestion? Every υϝ has a different etymology!

Question 3: How is "vulgo"'s correction against the order of the letters and LP's not, when the difference is literally shifting the stress back? What corruption pathway can one imagine to get from ἄϝελλα to αυεουλλα?

NOTE

In case anyone sees this who has seen this Quora question of mine, yes, this is sorta-kinda a repost, but etymology questions and Sappho/Alcaeus questions there tend to not fare too well, and since it's been six days since I asked, I decided it was time to ask here.

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  • "Imagine then that one ϝε had just dropped off, for whatever reason…" Easily justified by haplogy.
    – Draconis
    Aug 14, 2019 at 18:29

1 Answer 1

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(Partial answer on question 1 only.) Here's Beekes on ἄελλα:

enter image description here

And Chantraine s.v. ἄημι:

enter image description here enter image description here

So the connection ἄελλα - ἄημι isn't straightforward, since it requires a somewhat arbitrary derivational morpheme *-el-. But there's at least one pretty close parallel for this: θύελλα "hurricane" from θύω "rage, seethe, storm".

The main problem with your suggestion of *h₂weh₁-welH- is simply that PIE didn't compound verbal roots in this way, as far as I know. But note that *h₂weh₁-welH- should give ἀϝηϝελ-, not ἀϝεϝελλ-; maybe you could get the double lambda from *h₂weh₁-welH-ya, but I'm not sure what the regular reflex of a sequence like *-elHya should be in Greek.

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  • I guess the French thing uses those schwa-oid glyphs for the laryngeals?
    – MickG
    Aug 14, 2019 at 18:25
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    @MickG ə₁, ə₂, ə₃ are an old way of writing the laryngeals, usually when they're syllabic (but sometimes also when they're not).
    – Draconis
    Aug 14, 2019 at 18:30
  • Wiktionary claims θύω-θύελλα uses "a suffix based on ἄελλα".
    – MickG
    Aug 22, 2019 at 16:27
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    @MickG Possible; I don't know what evidence there is for which word influenced the other, if either did.
    – TKR
    Aug 22, 2019 at 20:31

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